Autoclave: Steam Pressure3 Sterilization Chamber.

I test mine regularly usin gprofessional labratory techniques for effectiveness. My 'clave is tested both because of state regs and because I always make sure I'm doing everything possible for my clients' safety.

Sometimes. Some places on the body are more sensitive than others. What I refer to as "tender underbelly skin" is going to be quite sensitive. Also, tattooing over a bony area one would tend to feel it more. My customers, for the most part, say "No, it's more like an irritation."

I have a very gentle touch and work as shallow as possible while still getting good ink. We also have a lotion now that is a topical anesthetic. I use it myself because I don't like pain.